wholesalerest.blogg.se - Timelane for language development

English becomes the official language of the law courts and replaces Latin as the medium of instruction at most schools. Geoffrey Chaucer composes The Canterbury Tales in Middle English. The Black Death kills roughly one-third of England's population.

Mid to late 14th century-The Hundred Years War between England and France leads to the loss of almost all of England's French possessions.

English becomes the dominant language of all classes.

Late 13th century-Under Edward I, royal authority is consolidated in England and Wales.

These documents, though annulled a few years later, are generally regarded as England's first written constitution.

1258-King Henry III is forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, which establish a Privy Council to oversee the administration of the government.

1215-King John signs the Magna Carta ("Great Charter"), a critical document in the long historical process leading to the rule of constitutional law in the English-speaking world.

1209-The University of Cambridge is formed by scholars from Oxford.

1204-King John loses control of the Duchy of Normandy and other French lands England is now the only home of the Norman French/English.About this time the University of Oxford is founded. 1171-Henry II declares himself overlord of Ireland, introducing Norman French and English to the country.1150-Approximate date of the earliest surviving texts in Middle English.For the next century, English, for all practical purposes, is no longer a written language. Over succeeding decades, Norman French becomes the language of the courts and of the upper classes English remains the language of the majority. 1066-The Norman Invasion: King Harold is killed at the Battle of Hastings, and William of Normandy is crowned King of England.Mid 11th century-Edward the Confessor, King of England who was raised in Normandy, names William, Duke of Normandy, as his heir.The Danish king (Canute) rules over England and encourages the growth of Anglo-Saxon culture and literature. The Battle of Maldon becomes the subject of one of the few surviving poems in Old English. Early 11th century-Danes attack England, and the English king (Ethelred the Unready) escapes to Normandy.1000-Approximate date of the only surviving manuscript of the Old English epic poem Beowulf, composed by an anonymous poet between the 8th century and the early 11th century.10th century-English and Danes mix fairly peacefully, and many Scandinavian (or Old Norse) loanwords enter the language, including such common words as sister, wish, skin, and die.England is divided into a kingdom ruled by the Anglo-Saxons (under Alfred) and another ruled by the Scandinavians. He uses the English language to foster a sense of national identity. Late 9th century-King Alfred of Wessex (Alfred the Great) leads the Anglo-Saxons to victory over the Vikings, translates Latin works into English and establishes the writing of prose in English.Mid 9th century-Danes raid England, occupy Northumbria, and establish a kingdom at York.

Early 9th century-Egbert of Wessex incorporates Cornwall into his kingdom and is recognized as overlord of the seven kingdoms of the Angles and Saxons (the Heptarchy): England begins to emerge.Late 8th century-Scandinavians begin to settle in Britain and Ireland Danes settle in parts of Ireland.700-Approximate date of the earliest manuscript records of Old English.731), a key source of information about Anglo Saxon settlement. 673-Birth of the Venerable Bede, the monk who composed (in Latin) The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (c.Latin speakers begin referring to the country as Anglia and later as Englaland. Augustine and Irish missionaries convert Anglo-Saxons to Christianity, introducing new religious words borrowed from Latin and Greek. 7th century-Rise of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex the Saxon kingdoms of Essex and Middlesex the Angle kingdoms of Mercia, East Anglia, and Northumbria.He is the first English king to convert to Christianity. Late 6th century-Ethelbert, the King of Kent, is baptized.